He had a wife, Katherine, and three sons, Oliver, John and Richard. Katherine district. Henry Hudson with his son John made his first known voyage in in the Hopewell, with a crew of It was an attempt to find a passage through the Arctic, over the North Pole , to Asia.
At the time, Hudson and others thought that the long summer days of the high Arctic might create an ice-free zone at the top of the world. Hudson was able to sail above Spitsbergen, one of the islands of Svalbard, an archipelago between Norway and the North Pole. English whalers subsequently called it Trinity Island, while Dutch whalers gave the landfall its enduring name, Jan Mayen island.
Hudson was probably trying to gather additional information on the feasibility of the Northwest Passage , which would lead to Asia through what is now the Canadian Arctic, as his course was taking him towards southern Greenland. In , Hudson sailed again in the Hopewell , again in association with Sir Thomas Smythe, but now with the aim of finding the Northeast Passage, a route to East Asia over the top of Russia. Hudson and his crew of 14 were unable to progress beyond Novaya Zemlya, an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.
He was provided a small, nimble vessel called the Halve Maen Half Moon. He was no more successful in overcoming Novaya Zemlya than he had been with the Hopewell in Despite explicit instructions from the VOC to return home should he not find the Northeast Passage, Hudson made an extraordinary detour — all the way across the Atlantic Ocean, to the east coast of North America. He may have made off with the Half Moon in hope of making a major discovery that could land another voyage commission.
After crossing the Grand Banks , Newfoundland , Hudson had a dangerously close encounter with Sable Island before stopping at present-day LaHave , Nova Scotia , to replace a broken mast. Hudson decided to sail west to seek western passage to the Orient.
They encountered some of the local Indigenous peoples there and were able to make some trades with them. He then turned around and decided to explore New York Harbor, an area first thought to have been discovered by Giovanni da Verrazzano in Around this time, Hudson and his crew clashed with some local Indigenous peoples. A crew member named John Colman died after being shot in the neck with an arrow, and two others on board were injured.
After burying Colman, Hudson and his crew traveled up the river that would later carry his name. He explored the Hudson River up as far as what later became Albany. Along the way, Hudson noticed that the lush lands that lined the river contained abundant wildlife. He and his crew also met with some of the Indigenous peoples living on the river's banks. On the way back to the Netherlands, Hudson was stopped in the English port of Dartmouth.
The English authorities seized the ship and the Englishmen among the crew. Upset that he had been exploring for another country, the English authorities forbade Hudson from working with the Dutch again. He was, however, undeterred from trying to find the Northwest Passage. This time, Hudson found English investors to fund his next journey, which would prove to be fatal. Aboard the ship Discovery , Hudson left England in April He and his crew, which again included his son John and Robert Juet, made their way across the Atlantic Ocean.
After skirting the southern tip of Greenland, they entered what became known as the Hudson Strait. The exploration then reached another of his namesakes, the Hudson Bay. After twice being turned back by ice, Hudson embarked on a third voyage—this time on behalf of the Dutch East India Company—in This time, he chose to continue east by a more southern route, drawn by reports of a possible channel across the North American continent to the Pacific.
On a fourth and final voyage, undertaken for England in , Hudson spent months drifting through the vast Hudson Bay and eventually fell victim to a mutiny by his crew. In , the Muscovy Company of London provided Hudson financial backing based on his claims that he could find an ice-free passage past the North Pole that would provide a shorter route to the rich markets and resources of Asia.
Hudson sailed that spring with his son John and 10 companions. They traveled east along the edge of the polar ice pack until they reached the Svalbard archipelago, well north of the Arctic Circle, before hitting ice and being forced to turn back. The following year, Hudson made a second Muscovy-funded voyage between Svalbard and the islands of Novaya Zemlya, to the east of the Barents Sea, but again found his way blocked by ice fields.
Though English companies were reluctant to back him after two failed voyages, Hudson was able to gain a commission from the Dutch East India Company to lead a third expedition in While in Amsterdam gathering supplies, Hudson heard reports of two possible channels running across North America to the Pacific.
They traveled up the river about miles, to what is now Albany, before deciding that it would not lead all the way to the Pacific and turning back. From that point forward, the river would be known as the Hudson. On the return voyage, Hudson docked at Dartmouth, England, where English authorities acted to prevent him and his other English crewmembers from making voyages on behalf of other nations. Hudson sailed from London in April in the ton ship Discovery, stopped briefly in Iceland, then continued west.
Henry Hudson reported seeing whales on his first voyage. The whales would become hunted by whale traders in whaling ships after hearing of Henry's discovery. Henry Hudson and his crew tried again in but were turned around again due to ice. His ship was called the Half Moon and he had a crew of The cold weather forced them to turn south toward North America. During this expedition he traveled on the Hudson River on this journey.
In Henry Hudson was provided with a ship called the Discovery by English merchants.
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